一、關(guān)于結(jié)構(gòu)中的that
此結(jié)構(gòu)中,除強調(diào)的是作主語或賓語的人時可以用who外,其它任何情況都只能用that。如:
It was Kate that/who told me about it.
是凱特告訴那件事的。
It was yesterday afternoon that she told me about it.
是昨天下午她把那件事告訴我的。(that不能用when替代)
二、關(guān)于結(jié)構(gòu)中be的形式
原句中謂語動詞是過去式,強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的be用is,原句謂語動詞是現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r,強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的be用was。如:
It is he that likes playing games.
是他喜歡打游戲。
It is tomorrow that we will have a meeting.
是明天我們要開會。
注:be有時與表示推測的情態(tài)動詞連用。如:
It must be John that/who cleaned the room.
一定是約翰打掃房間的。
三、關(guān)于主謂一致問題
被強調(diào)的是原句的主語時,要注意that/who后的謂語動詞與原句主語一致。如:
It is I that am in trouble.
是我陷入了困境。
It is you that are wrong.
是你錯了。
四、強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的省略式
—Who is making so much noise in the garden?
誰在花園里吵鬧?
—It is the children.
就是那些小孩呀。(=It is the children that are making so much noise in the garden. )
五、如何強調(diào)否定句
要將not一同強調(diào),構(gòu)成It is/was not…that…
It is not he that/who studies French.
學(xué)法語的不是他。(原句:He doesn’t study French. )
六、如何強調(diào)雙賓語
無論強調(diào)哪個賓語,都必須根據(jù)動詞的搭配關(guān)系,加上to或for。如:
原句:He gave Mary a pen.
強調(diào)直接賓語:It was Mary that he gave a pen to.
強調(diào)間接賓語:It was a pen that he gave to Mary.
七、強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語時的語序
要與陳述句語序相同。如:
I don’t know where it is that he has gone.
我不知道他去哪里了。
八、強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)與類似句型的區(qū)別
判斷是否是強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的方法是:去掉it is/was和that后,剩余部分(經(jīng)調(diào)整后) 是否依然是個完整的句子,若是,就是強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu),否則就不是。
It is a pity that you could not come.
真遺憾,你不能來。(去掉It is和that后,句子不成立,是形式主語句型)
It was at ten that he got home.
他是十點回到家的。(去掉it was和that后,原句可調(diào)整為He got home at ten. 句子完整正確,故這是強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu))