一、主動語態和被動語態概說

英語的語態分主動語態和被動語態

，主動語態表示主語是動作的執行者，而被動語態則表示主語是動作的承受者。被動語態由“助動詞be+過去分詞”構成：

Everybody likes him. 大家都喜歡他。 (主動語態)

He is liked by everybody. 他受到大家的喜歡。(被動語態)

二、主動語態變被動語態的方法

1. 主動語態變被動語態的基本方法

將主動語態的賓語變為被動語態的主語，將主動謂語變為被動謂語(be+過去分詞)，將主動語態的主語變為by短語(在被動句中用作狀語)：

He broke the cup. → The cup was broken by him.

【注意】若不強調動詞執行者，被動語態中的by短語通?？梢允÷裕?/p>

He was born in 1986. 他生于1986年。

What is this flower called? 這種花叫什么花?

2. 雙賓動詞的被動語態

雙賓動詞即指帶雙賓語的動詞，它們在變為被動語態時，通常是把間接賓語(指人)變為被動語態的主語，而把直接賓語(指事物)保留下來(稱為保留賓語)：

He answered me that question. → I was answered that question by him.

有的動詞則通常把直接賓語(指事物)變為被動語態的主語，而把間接賓語改為介詞to 或for引起的狀語(到底用to還是for，與所搭配的動詞有關)：

He wrote her a letter. → A letter was written to her. (與動詞write搭配用介詞to)

She made him a new coat. → A new coat was made for him. (與動詞make搭配用介詞for)

有時以上兩種方式均可用：

He gave her some money. 他給她一些錢。

→ She was given some money. / Some money was given to him.

He bought her a watch. 他給她買了一塊表。

→ A watch was bought for her. / She was bought a watch.