1. 對(duì)不起，我沒(méi)看見(jiàn)你在這兒。
[誤] Sorry, I don"t see you here.
[正] Sorry, I didn"t see you here.
[析] 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，本句是指剛才沒(méi)看見(jiàn)對(duì)方在這，而不是現(xiàn)在沒(méi)看見(jiàn)對(duì)方在這，所以要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
2. 你能告訴我北京冬天是否下雪嗎?
[誤] Could you tell me if it snowed in winter in Beijing?
[正] Could you tell me if it snows in winter in Beijing?
[析] 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)除表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作外，還可表示習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，即現(xiàn)階段的一個(gè)事實(shí)，句中不需要任何經(jīng)常性的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)配合。could表示一種客氣的語(yǔ)氣，不表示過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。
3. 他說(shuō)他第二天要去合肥出差。
[誤] He said he will go to Hefei on business the next day.
[正] He said he would go to Hefei on business the next day.
[析] 主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句表示過(guò)去的將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，要用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。
4. 我忘了把你的傘帶來(lái)了。
[誤] I forget to bring your umbrella with me.
[正] I forgot to bring your umbrella with me.
[析] 不用forget，而用forgot，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在已經(jīng)記起來(lái)了，forgot是說(shuō)話這一時(shí)刻之前的動(dòng)作。由于受漢語(yǔ)思維習(xí)慣的影響，動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)觀念不強(qiáng)，誤把一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)當(dāng)作一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
5. 他父親離開祖國(guó)已經(jīng)50年了。
[誤] His father has left his homeland for fifty years.
[正] His father has been away from his homeland for fifty years.
[析] 短暫性動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)(肯定式)不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，要么改為表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，要么用下列句式來(lái)表達(dá)(以此句為例)：
His father left his homeland fifty years ago.
It is fifty years since his father left his homeland.
It has been fifty years since his father left his homeland.
Fifty years have passed since his father left his homeland.
6. "你去過(guò)北京嗎?""是的，我去過(guò)。"
[誤] "Have you gone to Beijing?""Yes, I have gone there."
[正] "Have you been to Beijing?""Yes, I have been there."
[析] Have you gone to Beijing?是"你已經(jīng)到北京了嗎?"，指目前人已在北京或在赴北京的途中。說(shuō)話的時(shí)候，顯然你已不在北京了，所以說(shuō)用在這兒不恰當(dāng)。表示"過(guò)去曾去過(guò)某處而現(xiàn)在又回來(lái)了"須用have been。
7. 如果明天不下雨，我們就去參觀美術(shù)展覽。
[誤] We shall see an exhibition of pain-
tings if it won"t rain tomorrow.
[正] We shall see an exhibition of pain-
tings if it doesn"t rain tomorrow.
[析] 在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。
8. 在過(guò)去幾年中，我們家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。
[誤] There were great changes in our home-town in the past few years.
[正] There have been great changes in our hometown in the past few years.
[析] "In / During the past / last + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞"是完成時(shí)態(tài)的標(biāo)志之一，不要被past / last所迷惑，而用了過(guò)去時(shí)。
9. 我不知道那艘船明天是否會(huì)準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)到。
[誤] I wonder if the ship arrives on time tomorrow.
[正] I wonder if the ship will arrive on time tomorrow.
[析] 這里if連接的賓語(yǔ)從句，表示"是否"(=whether)，而不是條件狀語(yǔ)從句，表示"如果"。因此根據(jù)句意仍需用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。
10. 自從1978年以來(lái)我們的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。
[誤] Great changes have been taken place in our hometown since 1978.
[正] Great changes have taken place in our hometown since 1978.
[析] take place和happen都是不及物動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)，不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
11. 那個(gè)村也叫國(guó)際會(huì)議村。
[誤] The village also called the International Meeting Village.
[正] The village is also called the International Meeting Village.
[析] 英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是由"be + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞"構(gòu)成，因此在also前應(yīng)加is。
12. 我們學(xué)校也教俄語(yǔ)。
[誤] Our school also teaches Russian.
[正] Russian is also taught in our school.
[析] 當(dāng)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者沒(méi)有必要指明或?yàn)榇蠹宜獣r(shí)，通常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。顯然our school不是teach的執(zhí)行者，而應(yīng)該是沒(méi)有表示出來(lái)的teachers，因此，要把動(dòng)作的承受者Russian用作主語(yǔ)，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)來(lái)表達(dá)。
13. 我們都認(rèn)識(shí)那位科學(xué)家。
[誤] The scientist is known by us all.
[正] The scientist is known to us all.
[析] by表示動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者。而表示范圍、地點(diǎn)等用法時(shí)，要用介詞to或in。
14. 孩子們陸續(xù)地走進(jìn)了博物館。
[誤] The museum was entered by the children one by one.
[正] The children entered the museum one by one.
[析] 某些及物動(dòng)詞，如leave, enter, reach, join等后接表示地點(diǎn)、處所、組織名稱的名詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
15. 他在會(huì)上向我們作了自我介紹。
[誤] Himself was introduced to us at the meeting by him.
[正] He introduced himself to us at the meeting.
[析] 反身代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能轉(zhuǎn)換成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
16. 這本雜志在這兒很暢銷。
[誤] This magazine is sold well here.
[正] This magazine sells well here.
[析] 有些動(dòng)詞，如：act, add, brush, burn, clean, cook, count, cut, draw, drive, keep, lock, look, open, read, sell, smoke, strike, wash, wear, write等，其主動(dòng)形式在一些具體場(chǎng)合表示被動(dòng)意義。這類句子的特點(diǎn)是：主語(yǔ)往往是"物"而不是"人"。另外，后面往往帶有well這一類副詞，或者修飾主語(yǔ)的形容詞
