（六）短語動詞

I． 要點

英語中有許多短語動詞在意義上是一個整體，其用法有的相當于及物動詞，有的相當于不及物動詞，有的兼有及物動詞和不及物動詞的特征。英語短語動詞的構成主要有以下六種：

（１） 動詞＋介詞

常見的有look for, look after, send for, care about, ask for, laugh at, hear of (from), add to, lead to等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后。如：

Don't laugh at others.

I didn't care about it.

（２） 動詞＋副詞

常見的有give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in, point out等。這類短語動詞的賓語如果是名詞，既可放在副詞前邊，又可放在副詞后邊；賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞，則要放在副詞前邊。如：

You'll hand in your homework tomorrow.

Please don't forget to hand it in.

（３） 動詞＋副詞＋介詞

常見的有look down upon, go on with, break away from, add up to, catch up with等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后邊。如：

All his money added up to no more than $100.

After a short rest, he went on with his research work.

（４） 動詞＋名詞＋介詞

常見的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后邊。如：

You should pay attention to your handwriting.

We should make full use of our time.

（５） 動詞＋形容詞

常見的有leave open, set free, cut open等。這類短語動詞的賓語如果是名詞，則賓語可放在形容詞的前邊，也可放在后邊；賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞，則必須放在形容詞前邊。如：

The prisoners were set free.

He cut it open.

（６） 動詞＋名詞

常見的有take place, make friends等。這類短語動詞用作不及物動詞。如：

This story took place three years ago.

I make friends with a lot of people.

（7）辨析

give away(讓給，暴露) 和 give up（放棄，停止）

put away（放起，收起） 和 put out （撲滅）

turn up（出席，放大） 和 turn on （打開）

keep out（阻止） 和 keep off （不讓靠近）

make up（編造，補上） 和 make out（辨認）

take off（脫，起飛） 和 take out（拿出）

II． 例題

例１ It is wise to have some money ____ for old age.

A put away B kept up C given away D laid up

解析：該題正確答案為Ａ。意為"存"；keep up意為"繼續"；give away意為"分發"；lay up"貯藏"。

例２ Here's my card. Let's keep in ____.

A touch B relation C connection D friendship

解析：該題正確答案為A. keep in touch為短語動詞，意為"保持聯系"。

例３ ____! There's a train coming.

A Look out B Look around C Look forward D Look on

解析：該題選A. look out 意為"小心"。