倒裝

I．要點

按"主語+謂語"這種順序排列的句子是陳述語序，如果變為"謂語（或謂語的一部分）+主語"，就是倒裝語序。

1、全部倒裝

（1）there be 句型

There is going to be a meeting.

There is a book on the table.

（2）here, there, now, then, in, out等副詞置于句首時，主謂倒裝，但如果主語是人稱代詞時，主語和謂語語序不倒裝，如，

Here comes the bus.

Here he comes.

（3）直接引語的部分或全部位于句首時，有時也用倒裝，如，

"What he said meant nothing", said the teacher.

（4）為保持句子平衡，強調表語或狀語，使上下文緊密銜接時須完全倒裝，如，In front of the house sat a small boy.

2、部分倒裝

（1）so, neither, nor置于句首說明與前者情況一致時，如，

I like swimming, so does my brother.

（2）only +狀語放在句首，如，

Only through this method can we win.

Only in this way can we do the work well.

（3）含有否定意義的詞置于句首，如，Hardly, scarcely, not, seldom, no sooner, never, little, at no time, in no way, no more等，如，

Never had I heard that.

Little did I know about this.

（4）以often, so +形容詞或副詞開頭的句子，如，

So heavy is the box that he cannot carry it.

（5）用于省略if的虛擬條件句中，將had, were, should提前，如，

Were I you, I wouldn't do that.

Had he come, we would have won.

（6）用于某些表示祝愿的句中，如，

May you be happy for ever.

II．例題

例1、Not only ____ this machine but ____ it.

A. can he run……can he repair B. can he run……he can repair

C. he can run……he can repair D. he can run……can he repair

解析：該題答案為B，在not only……but (also)句型中，只有but前面的部分倒裝，but后面仍是正常語序。

例2、____, it is quite easy to drill a hole in it with laser（激光）.

A. Hard although the diamond B. Hard as the diamond is

C. As the diamond is hard D. Has hard is the diamond

解析：該題答案為B，在讓步狀語從句中，從屬連詞as可以表示though，但要用倒裝語序。

例3、Only in this way ____ to improve the situation there.

A. can you hope B. you can hope C. hope can D. you hope

解析：該題答案為A，only和它所修飾的狀語一起置于句首時，須用倒裝。