英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)及結(jié)構(gòu)(以動(dòng)詞do為例)

結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ) + be + 過(guò)去分詞

時(shí)態(tài)： 1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： am (is, are) done.

2. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：must (can, may) be done

3. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)： was (were) done

4. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)： will (shall) be done

5. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： am (is, are) being done

6. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： have (has) been done

二、從初中階段所學(xué)五種基本句型談變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題。

1.主語(yǔ) + 連系動(dòng)詞 + 表語(yǔ) (S+V+P)

此結(jié)構(gòu)不可用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

(正) The flowers smell sweet.

(誤) The flowers are smelt sweet.

2.主語(yǔ) + 不及物動(dòng)詞 (S+V)

此結(jié)構(gòu)不可變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

(正) An accident happened last night.

(誤) An accident was happened last night.

3.主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ) (S + V+ O)

(1)將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)

Children often sing this song

This song is often sung by children.

(2)將含有介詞或副詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，不可將介詞或副詞去掉。

We should listen to the teachers carefully.

The teachers should be listened to carefully.

4.主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 間接賓語(yǔ) + 直接賓語(yǔ) (S + V+ IO+ DO)

(1).將表人的間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，直接賓語(yǔ)不變。

He showed us a picture .

We were shown a picture.

(2).將指物的直接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，要在間接賓語(yǔ)前加介詞to或for.

A picture was shown to us.

A dictionary was bought for me by my parents.

5. 主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ) + 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) (S+ V+ O + C)

如動(dòng)詞為 make, see, hear, watch 等，后接賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)為不帶“to”不定式時(shí)，變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)要加上“to”。

I saw him fall off the tree.

He was seen to fall off the tree.