1. there be結構的主謂一致
在英語里表示什么地方或時間存在什么事情就用此結構,句子的結尾往往帶有地點狀語或時間狀語。其中there是引導詞,本身沒有詞意,be是謂語動詞,be后面的名詞是主語。be的數與后面的名詞一致,若be后是兩個或多個并列的名詞,be則與靠得最近的那個名詞的數一致。如:
There was a meeting yesterday. 昨天有個會議。
There is a pen, two books and many pencils on the desk. 桌上有一支鋼筆、兩本書和好些鉛筆。
比較:There are two books, a pen and many pencils on the desk.
2. there be與have的比較
(1) 用法不同:there be 表示某個時間或地方“存在”某人或某物,而have表示主語“擁有”某人或某物,作賓語的某人或某物屬主語所有。
(2) 結構不同:there be + sb./sth. +時間/地點(副詞或介詞短語);sb./sth. + have +sb./sth. else
There are some children in the garden.花園里有幾個孩子。
She has three cars. 她擁有三輛汽車。(汽車是屬于她的)
注:若是部分與整體關系時,有時用兩種表達方式都可以。如:
A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week. 一周有七天。
3. there be的否定和疑問
(1) 否定式:be后面加not(any)或no。如:
There are not any boats on the river. 河上沒有船。
(2) 疑問句:是把be移到there的前面來。如:
Are there any boat on the river? 河上有船嗎?
Yes, there are..(No, there are not.) 有。(沒有。)
注:若有別的助動詞時就不一樣了,請看:
There won’t be a football match tomorrow, will there? 明天沒有足球賽,對嗎?
There usedn’t to be a tall tree here, used/didn’t ther? 以前這里有棵高樹,是不是?
There seems to be something wrong with you, doesn’t there? 你好像有些不舒服,對嗎?
There happened to be a well there, didn’t there? 那里碰巧有口井,是不是?