完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)

過去將來完成時(shí)

過去將來完成時(shí)(past future perfect tense)表示在過去將來某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。它的形式由should(第一人稱)或Would(第二、三人稱)加have再加過去分詞構(gòu)成。美國英語一律用Would。

用法舉例：

He said he would have paid me back the money by the end of the week.他說將在周末前還我錢。

We told him that we should have returned to the camp by four o’clock.我們告訴他我們將于四點(diǎn)前回營地。

I hoped she would have finished the work before I got back.我希望她在我回來之前做完那活兒。

種類

完成進(jìn)行時(shí)有現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)、將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和過去將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)四種。

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法

1)表示動(dòng)作從過去某一時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。現(xiàn)在這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能已經(jīng)終止，也可能仍然在進(jìn)行著。如：

I have been waiting for you for two hours.我等了你兩個(gè)小刊(動(dòng)作不再延續(xù)下去)

It has been raining for three hours.雨已經(jīng)下了三小時(shí)了。(動(dòng)作可能延續(xù))

He has been working on the paper all day.他整天都在寫論文(動(dòng)作是否延續(xù)下去，由上下文決定。)

How long have you been learning English? --I have been learning English for two years.你英語學(xué)多

久了?--我們學(xué)了兩年了。(動(dòng)作可能延續(xù))

Why are you so dirty － I’ve been playing football.你身上怎么這樣臟?--我剛才踢足球了。(動(dòng)作不再延續(xù)下去)

2)有些不能用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，如be，have like，love，know，see，hesr等，同樣也不能用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，而只能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如：

She has been ill for a long time.她已經(jīng)病了好久了。

I have not seen you for ages.我好久沒有見到你了。

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的比較

1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作，到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成；現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)往往表示動(dòng)作仍然繼續(xù)下去。如：

I have been reading Lu Xun this week.本周我一直在讀魯迅的著作。(我仍然在讀。)

I have read A Madman is Diary this week.我本周讀了《狂人日記》。(我本周開始讀而且已經(jīng)讀完它了。)

I have read The story of Ah Q before.我以前讀過《阿Q正傳》。(過去經(jīng)歷)

2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的最后結(jié)果；現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)則強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的直接結(jié)果。如：

Now we have cleaned the room，we can move the things in.房間已打掃過了，我們可以把東西搬進(jìn)去了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)最終結(jié)果)You look so tired. What have you been doing? 你看來很累的樣子，你干什么來著?(強(qiáng)調(diào)直接結(jié)果)

過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(past perfect continuous tense)

1)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的形式一律為had been + 現(xiàn)在分詞，無人稱和數(shù)的區(qū)別。

2)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法 過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作在過去某一時(shí)間之前開始并延續(xù)到過去這個(gè)時(shí)間，這一動(dòng)作可能還在進(jìn)行，也可能已經(jīng)停止。如：

He told me that he had been waiting for me for two hours.他對(duì)我說他等了我兩小時(shí)。(動(dòng)作不再延續(xù))

The baby had been crying for fifteen minutes when her mother came in.媽媽進(jìn)來時(shí)，嬰兒一直哭了十五分鐘。(動(dòng)作可能還在進(jìn)行)

It seemed to her that the boys had been shouting for a long time.她似乎覺得這些男孩一直叫喊了很久。(動(dòng)作可能還在進(jìn)行)

The teacher had been teaching for forty years by the time he retired，這位教師退休前一直教了四十年的書。(動(dòng)作不再進(jìn)行)