1)metonymy(借代)借代一般可以保留原文的修辭方式,不會引起誤會,同時讓譯文多了一份詞趣。如:So, during any five-week shape-up, focus more on the tape measure than on the bathroom scale. 譯文A:因此,在此五周的減肥期內(nèi),要更多地注重自己的腰圍,而不是自己的體重。譯文B:因此,在此五周的減肥期內(nèi),把注意力放在量腰圍的卷尺上,而不是放在浴室的磅秤上。
2)pun(雙關(guān))有許多看似無法在譯文中挽留的原文形式的神韻和風(fēng)采在譯文中卻得以挽留。如:First gentleman: Thou art always figuring disease in me, but thou art full of error, I am sound. Lucio: Nay, not as one would say, healthy; but so sound as things that are hollow; impiety has made a feast of thee. (整個對話之諧趣盡系雙關(guān)詞匯sound。)試譯:紳士甲:你總以為我有那種病,其實你大錯特錯,我的身體響當(dāng)當(dāng)?shù)摹B菲鎶W:響當(dāng)當(dāng)?shù)模刹⒉唤Y(jié)實,就像空心的東西那樣響當(dāng)當(dāng)?shù)模愕墓穷^都空了,好色的毛病把你掏空了。
3)alliteration(頭韻)英語辭格押頭韻的手法歷來被認為是不可譯的,但是,面對alliteration,并不意味譯者就無所作為。如下的兩段譯文就做了成功的嘗試。如:Change is part of life and the making of character, hon. When the things happen that you do not like, you have two choices: You get bitter or better. 試譯:變化是生活的一部分,而且也塑造了人的意志品德,親愛的。當(dāng)你不喜歡的事情發(fā)生了,你有兩種選擇:要么痛苦不堪;要么痛快達觀。再如:Predictably, the winter will be snowy, sleety, and slushy. 試譯:可以預(yù)言,今年冬天將多雪,多凍雨,多泥濘。(原句當(dāng)中的snowy, sleety, slushy也是非常漂亮的押頭韻,譯者殫精竭慮,用心可嘉。)
4)Parody(仿擬)如果譯者功底不凡,能知作者之所“仿”,那么,理解與翻譯也就“水到渠成”。如:Clearly, when it comes to marriage, practicing beforehand doesn’t make perfect. 可以譯成:顯然,在婚姻問題上,婚前同居并不能令婚姻生活趨于完美。再如:When flu hits below the belt, it can be a challenge to keep down anything more nourishing than tea and water. 詞典對成語hits below the belt的通常解釋是:用不正當(dāng)手段打人(原指拳擊中打?qū)Ψ降南律?。若是照搬,譯文就會鬧笑話。對待“仿擬”修辭格的方法之一是還原。所謂還原,即故意撇開成語的引申義,而“硬”用其字面義。如:若流感影響到了腸胃,那就只能飲用點茶水,要吃下其他東西就非常困難了。再如:Little John was born with a silver spoon in a mouth, which was rather curly and large. 英語成語to be born with a silver spoon in one’s mouth的含義是“出生在富貴之家”。這里,作者不用此引申義,而用字面意思。試譯:小約翰嘴形彎曲,且大得出奇,好像生下來的時候嘴中含了一把銀勺子似的。