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初中三大從句：賓語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句(包括時(shí)間、條件、結(jié)果、目的、原因、讓步、地點(diǎn)、方式等)。
學(xué)好賓語(yǔ)從句也可為將來(lái)的高中學(xué)習(xí)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句以及同位語(yǔ)從句打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。現(xiàn)把關(guān)于賓語(yǔ)從句的考查點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分類歸納，以方便大家學(xué)習(xí)、參考。
同學(xué)們拿起筆記認(rèn)真學(xué)。
定義
在主句中做賓語(yǔ)的從句叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。(簡(jiǎn)單來(lái)講，就是用一個(gè)句子充當(dāng)了另一個(gè)句子的賓語(yǔ))
如：She knew that the teacher had seen the film.“that the teacher had seen the film”做 knew 的賓語(yǔ)，同時(shí)又是由連接詞 that 引導(dǎo)的從句，所以它叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。
分類
1.動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)從句：顧名思義，它是位于動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句。He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他問我們班上誰(shuí)的書法最好。
2.介詞賓語(yǔ)從句：顧名思義，它是位于介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句。I agree with what you said just now.我同意你剛才說(shuō)的話。
3.形容詞賓語(yǔ)從句：顧名思義，它是位于形容詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句。I am afraid that I will be late. 恐怕我要遲到了。
語(yǔ)序
無(wú)論主句是陳述句還是疑問句，賓語(yǔ)從句都必須使用陳述語(yǔ)序，即“主句+連詞+賓語(yǔ)從句(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+……)”句式。
根據(jù)連接詞在從句中所擔(dān)任的不同成分，可分為以下四種：
1)連接詞+謂語(yǔ)。連接詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)。常見的連接詞有：who，what，which等。Could you tell me who knows the answer，please?你能告訴我誰(shuí)知道答案嗎?The small children don’t know what is in their stockings.這些小孩子不知道襪子里有什么東西?
2)連接詞+名詞+謂語(yǔ)。連接詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)。常見的連接詞有：whose，what，which，how many，how much等。He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他問我們班上誰(shuí)的書法最好。The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room.老師問我們房間里有多少人。
3)連接詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)。連接詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。常見的連接詞有：who(m)，what，which，how many，how much， when，why，how，where，if /whether(在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分)等。He hasn’t decided if he’ll go on a trip to Wuxi.他還沒決定是否去無(wú)錫旅行。Could you tell me what I should do with the money ?你能告訴我我如何處理這筆錢嗎?
4)連接詞+名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)。連接詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)。常見的連接詞有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。Do you know which class he is in ?你知道他在哪個(gè)班嗎?She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.她問我是否知道這是誰(shuí)的鋼筆。
連接詞
1、由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句注：that 在句中無(wú)詞匯意義，在從句中不能充當(dāng)成分，多數(shù)情況下可省略1)I hear (that) you passed the exam.2)He said (that) his father was a singer.3)The teacher told us (that) the sun rises in the east.
引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的that在下列情況下一般不省略：1.That 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句和主句之間有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)Little Alice didn’t know, I’m sure, that her sister was going to America.我確信，小艾麗斯不知道她的姐姐很快就要去美國(guó)了。We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us.恰恰相反，我們希望他和我們呆在家里。I think, first of all, that we must believe in ourselves.我認(rèn)為，尤其重要的是，我們必須對(duì)自己有信心。2. 有間接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。He told me that he was leaving for Japan.他告訴我他要去日本。3. 當(dāng)一個(gè)動(dòng)詞帶有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),此時(shí)第一個(gè)that可以省略,第二個(gè)以及其他的that不可以省略I hope (that) I can get a good mark and that I can go to collageHe said (that) the book was very interesting and that(不省略) all the children like to read it.The teacher told the students (that) they should hand in their homework the next day and that the homework must be signed names by their parents.老師告訴學(xué)生他們要在第二天交上作業(yè)，并且作業(yè)必須由家長(zhǎng)簽名。4 .當(dāng)it 作形式賓語(yǔ)，后接that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。We have made it clear that we will learn to deal with various difficult problems.我們已經(jīng)表明，我們將學(xué)會(huì)處理各種難題We took it for granted that they would accept the proposal.我們想當(dāng)然地以為他們會(huì)接受這個(gè)建議的。5. that從句單獨(dú)回答問題時(shí)。What did he hear? 他聽說(shuō)了什么事?That Kate had passed the exam. (他聽說(shuō))凱特考試及格了。6. 介詞except ,but ,besides, in 等后跟that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。The Swede stood quite still, except that his lips moved slightly.那個(gè)瑞典人站著一動(dòng)不動(dòng)，只是嘴巴還微微在動(dòng)。7.位于句首時(shí)。That our team will win, I believe.我相信我們隊(duì)會(huì)贏。8 在較為正式或不常用的動(dòng)詞(如reply, object)后。He replied that he disagreed.他回答說(shuō)他不同意。
2、由從屬連詞 whether, if 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句(重點(diǎn)掌握)if/ whether "是否"，說(shuō)明對(duì)陳述的事物不明確或不清楚。常用在ask, wonder, can(could) you tell me 等后。1)I want to know whether/if he is right.2)I Ask him whether/if he likes me_.3)I wonder _whether/if we can get there.4)Could you tell me whether/if that film is interesting ?
但在下列情況下只能用whether：①在具有選擇意義，又有or或or not時(shí)，尤其是直接與or not連用時(shí)，往往用whether(if…or not也可以使用)。Let me know whether /if he will come or not.=Let me know whether or not he will come.讓我知道他是否能來(lái)。I don’t know whether /if he does any washing or not.=I don’t know whether or not he does any washing.我不知道他洗不洗衣服。I wonder whether we stay or whether we go.我不知道我們是去還是留。②在介詞之后用whether。I’m interested in whether he likes English.我關(guān)心的是他是否喜歡英語(yǔ)。We’re thinking about whether we can finish the work on time.我們正在考慮是否能按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作。I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.我擔(dān)心是否傷了她的感情。③在不定式前用whether。He hasn’t decided whether to visit the old man.他尚未決定是否拜訪那位老人。I don’t know whether to go.我不知去否。He hasn’t decided whether to go by bus or by train.他還未決定是乘公共汽車去還是坐火車去。④whether置于句首時(shí)，不能換用if。Whether this is true or not，I can’t say.這是否真的我說(shuō)不上來(lái)。⑤引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)宜用whether。Whether she will come or not is still a question.她是否能來(lái)還是個(gè)問題。The question is whether we can catch the bus.問題是我們能否趕上公共汽車。⑥若用if會(huì)引起歧義時(shí)，則用whether。Please let me know if you like the book.可理解為：a.Please let me know whether you like the book.請(qǐng)告訴我你是否喜歡這本書。b.If you like the book，please let me know.你如果喜歡這本書，請(qǐng)告訴我。
3.由連接代詞Who,whom,whose,which,what和連接副詞 where,how,why,when引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。這些代詞或副詞連接主句和從句，并在從句中擔(dān)任句子成分，具有一定的意義，不可省略。1)He asked who the man is.2)Do you know whose book it is?3)He asked what he could do for that.4)Do you know which answer is the best?5)Please tell me where the right way is.6)Can you tell me how we can get there?7)Could you tell me when we should meet?
