獨立主格，一個讓人看到就有點肝顫的大神級的語法現象，出現在高考語法題和雅思閱讀題中，高中聽說讀寫拔高的四級課堂會有詳細的解讀。究竟它的來源是什么，我們能自己寫出獨立主格嗎?
它的定義說出來比較的嚇人，我們暫且不表，先用一些比較簡單的句子來看一下他的演化過程，She ran into the room. Her face was covered with tears. 這是兩個句子，語法獨立，但屬于一個人的動作。英語要盡量的追求簡化，能合到一起的句子要盡量合到一起，但是這兩個句子有獨立的主語，分別是she和her face. 所以我們這塊就把She ran into the room.這個主要句子保留，而her face was covered with tears.要把謂語變成非謂語，也就是把was去掉，變成了She ran into the room, her face was covered with tears.
總結一下規則為：1. 確定主句;2.把次要句的連詞刪掉;3.謂語變成非謂語;謂語變成非謂語時有一個大體的原則，doing表主動，done表被動。我們在高中聽說讀寫拔高的課堂上會練習一下：
1.After his passport had been found, he was relieved.變成了
His passport found, he was relieved.
2.Because the clock was ringing, the lazy boy felt annoyed.變成了
The clock ringing, the lazy boy felt annoyed.
3.As my watch had been lost, I didn’t know what time it was.變成了
My watch having been lost, I didn’t know what time it was.
通過這三個句子，您對獨立主格有些了解了嗎?獨立主格是一個狀語結構，來自于狀語從句或簡單句。所以它的定義為：有自己獨立主語的狀語結構，和主句語法沒關系，但意義相連，最終目的是要追求簡潔。
我們來多看幾個高考題：
1._________, the text became easier for us to learn.
A. Explaining new words
B. New words explained
C. Being explained new words
D. Having explained new words
這道題選B，句子的原來形式為 After new words had been explained, the text became easier for us to learn.我們保留主句不變，刪掉after,把謂語變成非謂語即成了new words explained.
2. ____, I’ll go there with you tomorrow afternoon.
A. Time permits
B. If time permitting
C. Time permitting
D. Time’s permitting
這道題選C，句子的原來形式為If time permits, I’ll go there with you tomorrow afternoon. 我們保留主句不變，刪掉if,把謂語變成非謂語time permitting.
3. ______ no bus, we had to walk home.
A. There was
B. There being
C. Because there being
D. There were
這道題選B，句子的原來形式為Because there was no bus, we had to walk home.我們保留主句不變，刪掉because,把謂語變成非謂語there being no bus.
通過以上題目訓練，您有對做獨立主格的語法題有些感覺了嗎?下面我們看看閱讀中的獨立主格：
1.The flights having been canceled on account of the tsunami, many travelers could do nothing but remain in residence despite the high cost of rented accommodation there.
其中的前半部分相當于Because the flights had been canceled on account of the tsunami,刪掉了because,把謂語變成了非謂語。
2. But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not.
其中的all other factors being equal,相當于if all other factors are equal,
刪掉了if，把謂語變成了非謂語。
通過上面例子，我們簡單總結一下：英語句子是要追求簡潔和緊湊的，因此，會把原來的很多有聯系的簡單句和從句演變成非謂語的形式，最后變成隸屬于主句的一個狀語成分。
這個成分是由自己獨立主語的，因此叫獨立主格結構。
教師簡介：
陳志文：北京高中聽說讀寫拔高項目負責人，主講聽說讀寫拔高和語法，寫作單項。曾在兩所全國百強中學中任教，教學經驗豐富，對學員水平有深刻把握，相信只要有合適的方法和環境，每個學生都是可造之材。
