掌握分詞作狀語的關(guān)鍵
掌握分詞或分詞短語作狀語的關(guān)鍵是理解分詞及其
邏輯主語之間的關(guān)系。如果是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，則選用現(xiàn)在分詞，
如果是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，則選用過去分詞。
1、 作狀語的分詞與邏輯主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且所表示動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，
則用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式。如：
Relying on our own efforts，we overcame all the difficulties.依靠自己的努力，我們把所有的困難克服了。(rely與其邏輯主語we之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系)
Sally was lying in bed crying.莎莉躺在床上哭泣.(cry與其邏輯主語Sally之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系)
2、當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前時(shí)，則用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。如：
Having already seen the film twice， she didn’t want to go to the cinema.這部電影她已看過兩遍，所以她就不想去看了。(see與其邏輯主語she之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系)
Having never handled a machine， she met with a lot of difficulties at first .由于她從沒碰過機(jī)器，所以一開頭就碰到很多困難。(handle與其邏輯主語she之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系)
3、如果作狀語的分詞與邏輯主語之間有被動(dòng)關(guān)系，則用過去分詞。如：
Encouraged by these successes， they decided to expand the business.在這些成績(jī)的鼓舞下他們決定擴(kuò)大經(jīng)營(yíng)。(encourage與其邏輯主語 they之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系)
We went home exhausted.我們回到家里已筋疲力盡了。(exhausted與其邏輯主語we之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系)
作狀語的分詞與邏輯主語之間有被動(dòng)關(guān)系，也可用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式。如：
Having been invited to speak ，I’ll start making preparations tomorrow.應(yīng)邀發(fā)言，我明天將開始準(zhǔn)備。(invite與其邏輯主語I之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系)
值得注意的是，有些分詞在句子中沒有邏輯主語。這種分詞在語法上被稱為垂懸分詞。屬于分詞的一種特殊的用法，須特別記住。常見的這類垂懸分詞有：regarding關(guān)于，barring除……以外，concerning關(guān)于，granting / granted(that)假定，即使，presuming假定，admitting(that)承認(rèn)，consider- ing考慮到，assuming假設(shè)，supposing(that)假定，seeing that考慮到，given(that)考慮到，如果，假如，等等。如：
He did poorly in his examinations， considering how hard he had studied for them.就他為準(zhǔn)備這些考試所付出的巨大努力而言，他考得極差。
Granted that he has enough money to buy the house，it doesn’t mean he’s going to do so.即使他有足夠的錢買這棟房子，這也并不是說他要買下來。
Given his age，he has done a good job.考慮到他的年齡，他干得不錯(cuò)。
He asked me questions concerning my health.他問了一些關(guān)于我的健康的問題。
常見這類分詞詞組有：taking ...into consideration考慮到，judging by/from從……判斷，talking about說到……，speaking of說到……，looking at考慮到，著眼于，generally speaking一般來說，allowing for考慮到，等等。如：
Judging from the number of cars，there were not many people at the club yet.從汽車的數(shù)量來看，俱樂部里人還不多。
Generally speaking ，boys are more interested in such activities than girls.一般來說，男孩子對(duì)這種活動(dòng)的興趣比女孩子大。
Allowing for the deficiencies，the show is a success.考慮到這些不足，這次表演是成功的。
