英語中,為了專門表示假設的意義和其他與事實相反的內容,特采用虛擬式來表示。談到虛擬式,相信很多人都知道它可以用動詞的過去式表示。但是,對“動詞原形”構成的虛擬式,卻有些陌生,也有很多不解。下面,就由小編細細為大家道來~
用“動詞原形”表示的虛擬句,就是無論主語怎么變,動詞一律保持原形不變,及“以不變應萬變”。主要有以下幾種情況:
一、用于表示命令、決定、建議等詞語之后that-分句中:
1. 動詞:用在decide, decree, demand, insist, move, order, prefer, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest, vote等動詞后的從句中。
The teacher ordered that all the books be sent to the office. 老師命令到所有書本要送到辦公室。
She insisted that she go to the south in the summer vacation. 她堅持暑假去南方。
We propose that Li Hua take the chair. 我們建議李華當主席。
2. 形容詞:用在advisable, appropriate, desirable, essential, fitting, imperative, important, important, possible, necessary等形容詞后的從句中:
It is essential that we be healthy. 我們的健康很重要。
It is advisable that these regulations be abolished. 取消這些規則的說法是可行的。
It is necessary that we study English well. 我們將英語學好很必要。
3. 名詞:用在decision,decree, demand, instruction, order, requirement等名詞后的從句中:
Our teacher gives us an instruction that all the homework be done like that. 老師告訴我們所有作業都要那樣做。
He gives me advice that I do the homework first. 他建議我先做家庭作業。
The demand that all students stand there isn’t proper. 讓學生站那兒的要求是不合理的。
注意:以上的用法均可以與“should+動詞原形”和“to do”形式替換運用。如:
The teacher ordered that all the books be sent to the office.
=The teacher ordered that all the books should be sent to the office.
=The teacher ordered all the books to be sent to the office.
二、If、only等引導的從句中:
If, though, whatever, lest, so long as等引導的分句,表示推測、讓步、防備等含義。
If the man be found guilty, he shall have the right of appeal. 若是被發現有罪,這個男的將有申訴權。
Whether she be right or wrong, she will have our unswerving support. 不管她對錯與否,我們都一如既往地支持她。
注:在非正式語體中,以上句子還可以用should+動詞原形。
三、用于某些固定說法中:表示祝愿、詛咒、禁止等意義。
God bless you! 上帝保佑!
So be it. 就這樣吧!但愿如此。
Suffice it to say that …只需要說 …就夠了。
Far be it from …遠不 …
Home is home, be it ever so homely. 家就是家,不管它是多么平凡。